# Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

## Introduction to Sanitary Pad Materials

Sanitary pads are essential feminine hygiene products designed to absorb menstrual flow. The quality and performance of these products largely depend on their raw material composition. Understanding the materials used in sanitary pad production helps consumers make informed choices and manufacturers improve product quality.

## Core Components of Sanitary Pads

### 1. Top Sheet (Cover Stock)

The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:

– Non-woven polypropylene (most common)
– Perforated plastic film
– Cotton or bamboo fiber blends

Key properties: Softness, breathability, quick-dry capability, and hypoallergenic qualities.

### 2. Absorbent Core

This is the central layer responsible for fluid absorption. It usually contains:

– Fluff pulp (wood cellulose)
– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
– Sometimes includes cotton or rayon fibers

The SAP can absorb many times its weight in liquid, transforming it into gel to prevent leakage.

### 3. Back Sheet

The waterproof bottom layer is typically composed of:

– Polyethylene film
– Breathable microporous film
– Biodegradable materials in eco-friendly options

This layer prevents leakage while allowing some breathability in premium products.

### 4. Adhesive Components

– Pressure-sensitive adhesive for pad attachment to underwear
– Hot melt adhesive for bonding layers together
– Release paper for protecting the adhesive before use

## Specialized Materials in Premium Pads

### 1. Odor Control Additives

– Activated charcoal layers
– Baking soda infused materials
– Antimicrobial treatments

### 2. Comfort Enhancers

– Aloe vera or vitamin E coatings
– Silk-like finishes
– 3D textured surfaces for better airflow

### 3. Eco-Friendly Alternatives

– Biodegradable top sheets from bamboo or corn starch
– Organic cotton cores

– PLA (polylactic acid) back sheets

## Material Properties and Performance Factors

### Absorption Capacity

Determined by:
– SAP concentration and quality
– Fluff pulp density and distribution
– Layer construction design

### Breathability

Affected by:
– Microporous back sheet technology
– Top sheet material selection
– Overall pad thickness

### Skin Safety

Considerations include:
– pH-balanced materials
– Hypoallergenic certifications
– Absence of harmful chemicals (chlorine, dioxins, etc.)

## Future Material Trends

The sanitary pad industry is evolving with:
– Fully biodegradable material solutions
– Smart materials with moisture indicators
– Antibacterial natural fiber blends
– Sustainable production processes

Understanding these material compositions helps consumers select products that match their needs for comfort, protection, and environmental considerations.