# Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

## Introduction to Sanitary Pad Materials

Sanitary pads are essential feminine hygiene products designed to absorb menstrual flow. The quality and performance of these products largely depend on the raw materials used in their construction. Understanding the composition and properties of sanitary pad materials helps consumers make informed choices and manufacturers improve product quality.

## Core Components of Sanitary Pads

### 1. Top Sheet (Cover Stock)

The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:

– Non-woven polypropylene or polyethylene
– Perforated plastic films
– Cotton or bamboo fiber blends

Properties: Soft, breathable, quick-drying, and hypoallergenic to prevent skin irritation.

### 2. Absorbent Core

This is the most crucial layer for fluid absorption. Common materials include:

– Wood pulp (fluff pulp)
– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
– Cotton or rayon fibers

Properties: High absorbency, good retention capacity, and effective liquid distribution throughout the pad.

### 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet prevents leakage and keeps moisture from reaching clothing. Materials include:

– Polyethylene film
– Breathable microporous films
– Biodegradable materials like PLA (polylactic acid)

Properties: Waterproof, flexible, and comfortable against clothing.

### 4. Adhesive Layer

This component keeps the pad securely in place:

– Pressure-sensitive adhesives

– Medical-grade glue strips

Properties: Strong enough to stay in place but gentle on underwear fabric.

## Specialized Materials in Premium Pads

### 1. Organic Cotton

Used in natural and eco-friendly pads, offering:

– Chemical-free composition
– Better breathability
– Reduced risk of irritation

### 2. Bamboo Fiber

Growing in popularity due to its:

– Natural antibacterial properties
– High absorbency
– Sustainability

### 3. Silver Ion Technology

Some premium pads incorporate silver ions for:

– Antimicrobial protection
– Odor control
– Extended freshness

## Material Safety Considerations

Manufacturers must ensure all materials:

– Are dermatologically tested
– Free from harmful chemicals like dioxins
– Comply with international safety standards
– Cause minimal environmental impact

## Future Trends in Sanitary Pad Materials

The industry is moving toward:

– Biodegradable and compostable materials
– Plant-based superabsorbents
– Smart materials with pH-balancing properties
– Thinner designs with equal or better absorption

Understanding these material compositions helps consumers select products that match their comfort, health, and environmental preferences while encouraging manufacturers to innovate safer, more effective solutions.